Ancient philosophers and scientists made claims that the Earth was the center of the solar system. Some also claimed that Earth was flat. After thousands of years, these early beliefs about our planet were debunked; and now we know for a fact that the sun is the center of the solar system and the earth is spherical in shape. How did we know that?
We already know that scientific knowledge is gained by collecting data through scientific research and analysis. This collection of data from scientific experiments and procedures are replicated in different conditions. However, it is important to be aware that the advancement in technology has dramatically changed our view of our physical world and the universe in the past few decades. Our explorations of Mars, for example, have provided us with a lot more information about its physical characteristics, which is far beyond our imagination in the past. Although there is a lot more to discover about this red planet, we have been celebrating milestones one century after another that advance the interest of humankind. Some examples of these scientific knowledge and breakthroughs include:
- The remarkable research and discovery of the Covid-19 vaccine to fight coronavirus is a product of scientific knowledge on mRNA and nanoparticles, made possible through innovative technologies. Normal vaccines usually take 15 years to develop due to clinical trials; but this intensive research has proven that it is possible to develop vaccines quickly and effectively.
- The biological make-up of penicillin as the first naturally occurring antibiotic drug has enabled humankind to treat formerly severe and life-threatening illnesses, such as bacterial infection, pneumonia, meningitis, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Today, penicillin is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the world.
- The conformation of planets and other bodies in the Solar System allowed us to make sense of our experiences on Earth, such as the occurrence of day and night, weather patterns, natural disasters, and climate. This knowledge helped us mitigate by making changes in the way we live, thus increasing our rate of survival.
The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 states that scientists share basic human rights. There is no doubt that all rights afforded to any individual must be given to anyone regardless of background, education, or professional practice. Since the practice of science affects many aspects of human lives and the physical world, it requires that scientists support freedom of movement, collaboration, communication, and equitable access to data and information in any scientific endeavor or discovery. Many shared values of other professions are also part of their responsibilities. These include the conduct of scientific research and experiments with fidelity, excellence, integrity, fairness, and transparency to contribute to the scientific knowledge and benefit the society at large.
Scientific knowledge is a collection of reliable new information about the physical world gathered through the process of data collection, experimentation, and analysis. This is accomplished through scientific research, where intensive studies form empirical data that proves or disproves many of the theories attempting to explain phenomena. In order to maintain the integrity of these studies, scientists conduct peer reviews of scientific research to guarantee validity and reliability of shared information. There are many examples of scientific knowledge that form part of our understanding of the physical world. The discovery of electricity (which started from an amber that collects small particles) has revolutionized our way of living, as the modern world functions with machines that depend on it. Our knowledge of gravity allowed us to understand how possible it is to launch rockets and satellites into space.
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